Annoyance eVALuation Of droNes (AVALON)
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) or unmanned aerial systems (UAS), commonly referred to as "drones", are a relatively new noise source in the environment. Although the noise impact of drones on the population is currently low, it is likely to become an issue in the future. Further, the rapid development of drone operations requires the development of a legal basis and standardization. So far, the acoustic properties of drones and, in particular, the effects of drone noise on humans have been little studied. Therefore, within AVALON, the acoustic characterization, perception – particularly noise annoyance – and assessment (indications on possible level corrections) of the noise of quadcopters are to be explored. This will provide first indications on the perception of this still quite unknown noise source, also in comparison with better-known noise sources as road traffic.
Contact: Beat Schäffer
Funding: BAFU
Duration: 2022 – 2024
Publication:
Kawai, C., Jäggi, J., Georgiou, F., Meister, J., Pieren, R., & Schäffer, B. (2024). Short-term noise annoyance towards drones and other transportation noise sources: a laboratory study. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 156(4), 2578-2595. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0032386

Reanalysis of the NORAH study on the effect of vegetation in urban built environments on transport noise annoyance (CompenSENSE-NORAH)
Within the previous research project CompenSENSE ("Does compensation make sense?"), we investigated whether the characteristics and proximity or accessibility of restorative areas (parks, green areas, water, etc.) are suitable for reducing transportation noise annoyance and thus indirectly achieving a compensatory effect. For this purpose, we supplemented the Swiss SiRENE survey sample (noise annoyance caused by road traffic, railway and aircraft noise) with various "green" metrics and reanalyzed the data set. We found vegetation and green spaces in residential areas to significantly reduce annoyance to road traffic and railway noise. In the case of aircraft noise, in contrast, residents living in green areas were significantly more noise annoyed than those in less green residential areas. While the findings on road traffic and railway noise were in line with expectations according to literature, those on aircraft noise were unexpected. Within CompenSENS-NORAH, we will therefore test the replicability of our previous results by complementing the data set from the German NORAH Study with the green metric NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) and re-analyzing the data for road traffic, railway and aircraft noise annoyance in dependence of noise exposure and residential green.
Contact: Beat Schäffer
Projectpartner: ZEUS GmbH, Zentrum für angewandte Psychologie, Umwelt- und Sozialforschung
Funding: FOEN
Duration: 2022 – 2023
Publications: Schäffer, B., Schalcher, S., & Schreckenberg, D. (2023). Reanalysis of the Norah study on the association of transportation noise induced annoyance with residential green. In Forum Acusticum 2023. Convention of the European Acoustics Association (p. (4 pp.). The European Acoustics Association (EAA).

Model-based acoustical road pavement characterization at low speeds - BELMONTI
With the introduction of 30 km/h speed limits in road traffic, there is a great interest in acoustic pavement characterization in the low speed range. For speeds of 50 and 80 km/h, a standardized method for dynamic pavement characterization exists in form of the CPX method. Since it is uncertain whether this method is also suitable for speeds of 30 km/h, possibilities of an alternative pavement characterization are explored and discussed with regard to the expected reliability. For this purpose, a model-based approach is pursued that dynamically measures the sound absorption and the surface texture of road surfaces and, if possible, also their flow resistivity, and based on this quantifies the pavement property via an empirical functional relationship.
Contact: Urs Pachale
Project funding: FOEN
Duration: 2022 – 2024

Simulation of the CPX method to measure road pavement properties - CPX-Simulator
In today's road traffic noise, rolling noise caused by the interaction of the tire with the road surface dominates in many situations. Consequently, pavement characterization is of great importance in noise prediction. The internationally standardized CPX method offers an elegant way of measuring the acoustic properties of the road surface. In this method, a defined test tire rolls in a trailer pulled by a vehicle at 50 or 80 km/h over the road to be tested. The resulting sound field is captured in the near-field by sound pressure microphones. In order to predict pavement effects at the roadside, suitable conversion models are required. These models have so far been found purely empirically by comparing pairs of data. Within the framework of this project, a computational model is to be developed that allows for a sound field simulation in a CPX measurement trailer based on the underlying physical sound generation mechanisms. This will make it possible to more accurately determine the limits and uncertainties of the CPX method and to learn about the frequency-dependent reliability of the measurement levels. In addition, modules are being developed which, in the medium term, can be expected to produce a physics-based conversion model that takes additional influencing factors into account.
Contact: Reto Pieren
Project funding: FOEN
Duration: 2022 – 2024

Demonstration of the feasibility of eco-efficient flight trajectories D-KULT
The German Aerospace Center DLR is developing a pilot assistance system called LNAS (Low-Noise Augmentation System), which has already been successfully tested for landings at Zurich Airport in cooperation with Empa. In the D-KULT project, the system is to be expanded and used for take-offs and landings of the aircraft types B787, A320 and A330 at Frankfurt Airport. In the project, Empa validates its sonAIR model based on measurements at Frankfurt Airport and determines the impact of noise-optimised approach and departure procedures in comparison with real air traffic (standard operation). The results are presented as noise exposure maps on the ground and the number of people affected by noise.
Contact: Jean Marc Wunderli
Partner: DLR
Project funding: LUFO
Duration: 2022 – 2024

Sound insulation in timber construction - SchaHo
"Sound insulation in timber construction" (SchaHo) is a cooperation project between Lignum Holzwirtschaft Schweiz and Empa Laboratory for Acoustics/Noise Control. It aims at further establishing multi-storey construction with wood due to sound-optimised timber constructions and the highest possible planning security for building owners, planners and contractors as well as a high level of satisfaction for residents in their living environment. 
The core focus is therefore the technology transfer in the form of digital planning tools, online databases, best practice guidelines and training courses provided by Lignum. The knowledge basis for this is the analysis and provision of sound insulation data stemming from the workpackage "Determining the data basis". As one central work item, Empa calculates with numerical methods the structure-borne sound transmission at connections of building elements in mass timber buildings and further develops these methods for a more accurate and efficient calculation of flanking transmission. In parallel, Empa is conducting laboratory tests to determine further sound insulation data in order to validate the numerical models and to expand the data basis from previous project phases. 
Contact: Stefan Schoenwald
Partners: Lignum Holzwirtschaft Schweiz
Project funding: Bundesamt für Umwelt (BAFU), Aktionsplan Holz
Duration: September 2021 bis Juni 2025
Publications: Vallely, S., & Schoenwald, S. (2023). Frequency-independent homogenised elastic and damping constants of cross-laminated timber. In Forum Acusticum 2023. Convention of the European Acoustics Association (p. (8 pp.). The European Acoustics Association (EAA).

Thin low frequency sound absorbers using rigid mineral foams
Porous materials are surely the most widely used solutions when it comes to acoustic treatments. They provide good absorption features for a large range of frequencies while being extremely cheap to manufacture. However, controlling their internal structure and macroscopic properties are far from trivial, and they display poor absorption capabilities in the sub-wavelength domain. The latter is often dealt with resonant and/or periodic structures, often called metamaterials, which can provide extra-ordinary absorption performances.
As noise mitigation becomes a predominant matter in modern society, the design of cheap, efficient at low frequencies, and resilient acoustic treatments is of great interest. Preliminary studies on mineral foams have addressed the acoustic behaviour of such materials, and are readily available in the scientific literature. Tests under lab conditions show that the unique foams with large pores and thin pore walls absorb low frequencies better than existing products, but only in a narrow band. A model will enable the design of a high-performance sound absorption material, for which a suitable production process will be developed. In addition mineral foams are fire resistant and do not emit plasticizers thus are safe for in- and outdoor use.
Contact: Bart Van Damme
Funding: Innosuisse
Partner: de Cavis
Duration: 2021 - 2023

TraNQuIL2 Toward prevention of health effects from acute and chronic noise exposure
In recent years, epidemiological research has shown links between various cardiometabolic diseases and road traffic, railway and aircraft noise. However, little is known about the effects on mental health and the most effective interventions to reduce noise-related health effects. This study examines several important research questions related to short- and long-term health effects of traffic noise.
To investigate the acute effects of aircraft noise on the mental health of patients in a psychiatric hospital, a time series analysis is used to compare daily measured and modelled aircraft noise exposure from a nearby airfield with aggression events, daily medication use and patients' mental health. In another sample of 650 persons aged 20 to >80 years, we investigate whether and to what extent physical activity and sleep influence the effect of road traffic noise on early detectable markers of cardiometabolic disease. In the last 20 years, an estimated 350'000 and 400'000 persons in Switzerland benefited from noise barriers and soundproof windows, respectively. The effect of these measures on cardiovascular mortality is retrospectively investigated in the Swiss National Cohort using a natural experimental approach. For this purpose, spectral propagation algorithms are implemented in current noise models. The analysis will also consider changes in noise exposure due to low-noise pavements, large infrastructures and relocations.
The study will improve our understanding of effective prevention measures at the individual and population level. For individual prevention, comprehensive analyses of physiological effects on the cardiovascular system and metabolism will shed light on whether and to what extent noise effects are preventable at an early stage. With regard to structural prevention, it is now empirically investigated for the first time how noise protection measures affect cardiovascular mortality. In addition, the project provides insights into the effect of noise in a possibly particularly sensitive population group of psychiatric patients.
Contact: Beat Schäffer
Funding: SNF
Partner: Swiss TPH, n-Sphere
Duration: 2021 - 2024
Publications: 
Vienneau, D.; Wicki, B.; Flückiger, B.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2022. Long-term exposure to transportation noise and mortality with diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. Paper No. 157. Proceedings of the Inter-Noise 2022, 51st International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering. Glasgow, UK: I-INCE, c/o Schweizerische Gesellschaft für Akustik (SGA-SSA), CH-6302 Sempach Station, Switzerland.
Wicki, B.; Vienneau, D.; Schäffer, B.; Müller, T.J.; Pervilhac, C.; Röösli, M., 2023. Noise, agitation and somatization: A case time series analysis of military-aircraft noise exposure and pro re nata medication in a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. Paper No. 70. Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) on Noise as a Public Health Problem. Belgrade, Serbia
Vienneau, D.; Wicki, B.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2023. Sensitivity of the association between aircraft noise exposure and CVD mortality. Paper No. 107. Proceedings of the 14th Congress of the International Commission on the Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) on Noise as a Public Health Problem. Belgrade, Serbia
Wicki, B.; Vienneau, D.; Schäffer, B.; Müller, T.J.; Raub, U.; Widrig, J.; Pervilhac, C.; Röösli, M., 2024. Acute effects of military aircraft noise on sedative and analgesic drug administrations in psychiatric patients: a case-time series analysis: Article No. 108501. Environ. Int., 185, 7 pp. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108501.
Vienneau, D.; Wicki, B.; Flückiger, B.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2024. Long-term exposure to transportation noise and diabetes mellitus mortality: a national cohort study and updated meta-analysis. Article No. 46. Env. Heal., 23, (15 pp). doi: 10.1186/s12940-024-01084-0.
Wicki, B., Vienneau, D., Schäffer, B., Müller, T. J., Pervilhac, C., & Röösli, M. (2023). Noise, agitation and somatization: a case time series analysis of military-aircraft noise exposure and pro re nata medication in a psychiatric hospital in Switzerland. In ICBEN 2023 papers (p. (6 pp.). 14th ICBEN congress on noise as a public health problem.
Wicki, B., Schäffer, B., Wunderli, J. M., Müller, T. J., Pervilhac, C., Röösli, M., & Vienneau, D. (2023). Suicide and transportation noise: a prospective cohort study from Switzerland. Environmental Health Perspectives, 131(3), 037013 (11 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP11587

Restorative potential of green spaces in noise-polluted environments (RESTORE)
Urban areas experience a continuous increase of population and mobility going along with increased noise exposure of the residents and a decline of green spaces. The objective of this project is to assess the effects of green spaces as facilitators and noise as impediment to recover from stress. The project consists of laboratory experiments with VR and soundscape simulations, field experiments in urban and suburban green spaces of varying acoustic and visual settings, an extended field study in differently noise-polluted neighbourhoods, and a Swiss-wide survey and remote sensing assessment of green spaces. The project will provide new insights in the pathways of stress build-up as evoked by noise exposure, and recovery as promoted by green spaces. It will identify the visual and acoustic prerequisites of restorative green spaces, and have an impact on the Swiss noise legislation and the implementation of the revised spatial planning act.
Contact: Jean Marc Wunderli, Beat Schäffer
Funding: SNF (Sinergia)
Partner: WSL
Duration: 2020 - 2024
Publications: Dopico, J., Schäffer, B., García Martín, M., Kolecka, N., Tobias, S., Schaupp, J., … Wunderli, J. M. (2022). Studying the association between noise exposure, stress and characteristics of green spaces: protocol and pilot study. In Proceedings. Internoise 2022 (p. 166 (9 pp.). Internoise.
Georgiou, F., Kawai, C., Pieren, R., & Schäffer, B. (2022). Laboratory setup for assessing physiological stress buildup and recovery associated with noise annoyance using virtual reality and ambisonic loudspeaker reproduction. In ICA 2022 proceedings (p. ABS-0300 (8 pp.). Acoustical Society of Korea.
Dopico, J., Schäffer, B., Brink, M., Röösli, M., Vienneau, D., Binz, T. M., … Wunderli, J. M. (2023). How do road traffic noise and residential greenness correlate with noise annoyance and long-term stress? Protocol and pilot study for a large field survey with a cross-sectional design. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(4), 3203 (19 pp.). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043203
Kawai, C., Georgiou, F., Pieren, R., Tobias, S., & Schäffer, B. (2023). Comparing the restorative effects of urban with green spaces: a laboratory study in VR. In ICBEN 2023 papers (p. (11 pp.). 14th ICBEN congress on noise as a public health problem.
Dopico, J., Schäffer, B., Brink, M., Röösli, M., Vienneau, D., Tobias, S., & Wunderli, J. M. (2023). Annoyance to road traffic noise and residential green: a case study in the city of Zurich, Switzerland. In ICBEN 2023 papers (p. (11 pp.). 14th ICBEN congress on noise as a public health problem.
Georgiou, F., Kawai, C., Schäffer, B., & Pieren, R. (2024). Replicating outdoor environments using VR and ambisonics: a methodology for accurate audio-visual recording, processing and reproduction. Virtual Reality, 28(2), 111 (14 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01003-1
Kawai, C., Georgiou, F., Pieren, R., Tobias, S., Mavros, P., & Schäffer, B. (2024). Investigating effect chains from cognitive and noise-induced short-term stress build-up to restoration in an urban or nature setting using 360° VR. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 100, 102466 (13 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102466

BOHÈME
BOHEME’s ambitious goal is to design and realize a new class of bioinspired mechanical metamaterials for novel applicative tools in diverse technological fields. Metamaterials exhibit exotic vibrational properties currently unavailable in Nature, and numerous important applications are emerging. However, universally valid design criteria are currently lacking, and their effectiveness is presently restricted to limited frequency ranges. BOHEME starts from an innovative assumption, increasingly supported by experimental evidence, that the working principle behind metamaterials is already exploited in Nature, and that through evolution, this has given rise to optimized designs for impact damping. The “fundamental science” part of the project aims to explore biological structural materials for evidence of this, to investigate novel optimized bioinspired designs (e.g. porous hierarchical structures spanning various length scales) using state-of-the-art analytical and numerical approaches, to design and manufacture vibrationally effective structures, and to experimentally verify their performance over wide frequency ranges. The project involves theoretical, numerical and experimental aspects, and is a high-impact endeavour, from which basic science, EU industry and society can benefit.
Contact: Andrea Bergamini
Funding: Horizon 2020
Partner: UNITN, Imperial, IMP-PAN, ETH Zürich, UNITO, Multiwave, Phononic Vibes, POLITO, CNRS
Duration: 2020 - 2023

Localization and Identification Of moving Noise sources (LION)
Sound source localisation methods are widely used in the automotive, railway, and aircraft industries. Many different methods are available for the analysis of sound sources at rest. However, methods for the analysis of moving sound sources still suffer from the complexities introduced by the Doppler frequency shift, the relatively short measuring times, and propagation effects in the atmosphere. The project LION combines the expertise of four research groups from three countries working in the field of sound source localisation: The Beuth Hochschule für Technik Berlin (Beuth), the Turbomachineryand Thermoacoustics chair at TU-Berlin (TUB), the Acoustic Research Institute (ARI) of the Austrian Academy of Sciences in Vienna and the Swiss laboratory for Acoustics / Noise Control of EMPA. The mentioned institutions cooperate to improve and extend the existing methods for the analysis of moving sound sources. They want to increase the dynamic range, the spatial, and the frequency resolution of the methods and apply them to complex problems like the analysis of tonal sources with strong directivities or coherent and spatially distributed sound sources. The partners want to jointly develop and validate these methods, exploiting the synergy effects that arise from such a partnership. Beuth plans to extend the equivalent source method in frequency domain to moving sources located in a halfspace, taking into account the influence of the ground and sound propagation through an inhomogeneous atmosphere. ARI contributes acoustic holography, principal component analysis, and independent component analysis methods and wants to use its experience with pass-by measurements for trains to improve numerical boundary element methods including the transformation from fixed to moving coordinates. TUB develops optimization methods and model based approaches for moving sound sources and will contribute its data base of fly-over measurements with large microphone arrays as test cases. EMPA contributes a sound propagation model based on TimeVariant Digital Filters with particular consideration of turbulence and ground effects and will also generate synthetic test cases for the validation of sound source localization algorithms. The project is planned for a period of three years. The work program is organized in four work packages: 1) the development of algorithms and methods, 2) the development of a virtual test environment for the methods, 3) the simulation of virtual test cases, and 4) the application of the new methods to existing test cases of microphone array measurements of trains and aircraft.
Contact: Reto Pieren
Funding: SNF (Lead Agency Project)
Duration: 2020 - 2024
Publications:
Lincke, D., Schumacher, T., & Pieren, R. (2022). Evaluation of microphone array methods for aircraft flyover measurements: development of a virtual test environment (pp. 781-783). Presented at the DAGA 2022. DEGA.
Lincke, D., & Pieren, R. (2022). Fluctuations by atmospheric turbulence in aircraft flyover auralisation. In Proceedings. Internoise 2022 (p. 388 (7 pp.). Internoise.
Pieren, R., & Lincke, D. (2022). Auralization of aircraft flyovers with turbulence-induced coherence loss in ground effect. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 151(4), 2453-2460. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0010121
Lincke, D., & Pieren, R. (2021). Synthesizing virtual measurements of moving sound sources in the atmospheric boundary layer. In Fortschritte der Akustik - DAGA 2021. 47. Jahrestagung für Akustik (pp. 792-795). DEGA.
Lincke, D., Schumacher, T., & Pieren, R. (2023). Synthesizing coherence loss by atmospheric turbulence in virtual microphone array signals. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 153(1), 456-466. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0016847
Lincke, D., & Pieren, R. (2023). Amplitude modulations in aircraft flyover measurements by atmospheric turbulence in convective atmospheric boundary layers. In Forum Acusticum 2023. Convention of the European Acoustics Association (p. (4 pp.). The European Acoustics Association (EAA).
Lincke, D. (2024). Modeling and auralization of aircraft noise propagation in atmospheric turbulence [Doctoral dissertation, ETH Zurich]. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000682221
Lincke, D., & Pieren, R. (2024). Auralization of atmospheric turbulence-induced amplitude fluctuations in aircraft flyover sound based on a semi-empirical model. Acta Acustica, 8, 47 (18 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1051/aacus/2024036

TraNQuIL - Transportation Noise: Quantitative Methods for Investigating Acute and Long term health effects
The overall aim of TraNQuIL is to obtain a thorough understanding on how transportation noise affects human health. In particular, the following research questions will be addressed:

1. How relevant is eventfulness of noise and duration of quiet phases between events for cardiovascular mortality, and adolescents’ cognitive performance, behaviour and quality of life?
2. How crucial is noise exposure at different times during day and night for these outcomes?
3. How relevant is noise exposure at home vs. school for adolescents’ cognitive performance, behaviour and quality of life?
4. Are noise induced cardiovascular risks reversible after noise exposure reduction? If yes, what is the relevant time scale?
5. Do noise events trigger an acute cardiovascular death?

Research will be based on the existing Swiss National Cohort (SNC) and adolescent HERMES cohort study. Nationwide models for road, railway and aircraft traffic noise as well as NO2 exposure at each address in Switzerland for 2001 and 2011 will be individually linked to study participants. For HERMES participants, a longitudinal analysis will be conducted to evaluate the effects of noise exposure at school and home on changes in cognitive function, behaviour and health related quality of life within one year of follow-up. Full residential history available after 2010 for the SNC will be used to elucidate the effects of a sudden change of exposure on cardiovascular mortality. A case-crossover analysis on the triggering effects of aircraft noise on acute coronary events in the population around Zürich airport will be conducted, taking advantage of the daily distribution and variation of noise exposure which is heavily influenced by meteorological conditions.
Contact: Beat Schäffer
Project partners: Swiss TPH
Project funding: Swiss National Science Foundation
Duration: 2017 – 2021
Publications:
Saucy, A.; Schäffer, B.; Tangermann, L.; Vienneau, D.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2019. Aircraft noise exposure assessment for a case-crossover study in Switzerland. Paper No. 1591. in: Calvo-Manzano A., Delgado A., Perez-Lopez A., Santiago J.S., eds. Proceedings of the Inter-Noise 2019, 48th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering. Madrid, Spain: Sociedad Española de Acústica, 28006 Madrid, and Institute of Noise Control Engineering, Indianapolis, IN 46268.
Saucy, A.; Schäffer, B.; Tangermann, L.; Vienneau, D.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2020. Individual aircraft noise exposure assessment for a case-crossover study in Switzerland. Paper No. 3011. International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 17, 1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093011.
Saucy, A.; Schäffer, B.; Tangermann, L.; Vienneau, D.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2021. Does night-time aircraft noise trigger mortality? A case-crossover study on 24 886 cardiovascular deaths. European Heart Journal, 42, 835–843. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa957.
Saucy, A.; Ragettli, M.S.; Vienneau, D.; de Hoogh, K.; Tangermann, L.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Probst-Hensch, N.; Röösli, M., 2021. The role of extreme temperature in cause-specific acute cardiovascular mortality in Switzerland: a case-crossover study. Article No. 147958. Sci. Total Environ., 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147958.
Saucy, A.; de Hoogh, K.; Vienneau, D.; Tangermann, L.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Probst-Hensch, N.; Röösli, M., 2021. Mutual effects of fine particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide on cause-specific acute cardiovascular mortality: a case-crossover study in Switzerland. Article No. 118066. Environmental Pollution, 118066, 8 pp. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118066.
Vienneau, D.; Flückiger, B.; Saucy, A.; Tangermann, L.; Schäffer, B.; Wunderli, J.M.; Röösli, M., 2021. Cardiovascular mortality and transportation noise: a prospective Swiss cohort study. Proceedings of the Inter-Noise 2021, 50th International Congress and Exhibition on Noise Control Engineering. Washington, D.C.: INCE, Reston, VA 2019
Tangermann, L., Vienneau, D., Hattendorf, J., Saucy, A., Künzli, N., Schäffer, B., … Röösli, M. (2022). The association of road traffic noise with problem behaviour in adolescents: a cohort study. Environmental Research, 207, 112645 (9 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112645
Vienneau, D., Saucy, A., Schäffer, B., Flückiger, B., Tangermann, L., Stafoggia, M., … Röösli, M. (2022). Transportation noise exposure and cardiovascular mortality: 15-years of follow-up in a nationwide prospective cohort in Switzerland. Environment International, 158, 106974 (9 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106974
Tangermann, L., Vienneau, D., Saucy, A., Hattendorf, J., Schäffer, B., Wunderli, J. M., & Röösli, M. (2023). The association of road traffic noise with cognition in adolescents: a cohort study in Switzerland. Environmental Research, 218, 115031 (10 pp.). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2022.115031